IR Spectra for Carbohydrates

Table: IR Spectra of Sucrose, Glucose, and Fructose.

Material Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) Assignment Annotations Ref
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1011 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1017 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1041 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1044 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1082 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1086 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1111 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1115 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1147 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1148 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1196 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1234 τ (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1235 τ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1256 τ (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1257 τ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1277 τ (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1279 τ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1298 τ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1300 τ (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1343 ω (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1348 ω (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1379 ω (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1387 ω (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1412 None IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1443 δ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1466 δ (CH2) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 1471 δ (CH2) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2868 None RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2891 νs (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2914 ν (CH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2916 νs (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2938 ν (CH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2940 ν (CH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2955 ν (CH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2980 νas (CH2) of C-2 IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2985 νas (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 2986 νas (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 3327 ν (OH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 3335 ν (OH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 3368 ν (OH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 3375 ν (OH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 416 β (COC) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 417 β (COC) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 521 β (COC) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 540 β (COC) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 627 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 629 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 670 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 677 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 756 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 758 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 808 ν (CC) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 812 ν (CC) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 878 ν (CC) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 892 ν (CC) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 899 ν (CC) β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 922 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 925 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 979 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
2-deoxy-D-ribose 986 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
Aqueous Sucrose 1055 νC-O R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1113 νC-O endo gluc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1136 νCO endo fruc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1247 ωCH₂ R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1265 δCH₂ R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1336 δC-O-H fruc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1366 δC-O-H gluc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1430 δC-O-H R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1451 None R1
Aqueous Sucrose 1640 ν₂ H₂O R1
Aqueous Sucrose 828 δC₃-C₂-H fruc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 835 δC₂-C₁-H gluc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 870 νC-C R1
Aqueous Sucrose 925 νC-C fruc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 945 νC-C gluc R1
Aqueous Sucrose 993 νC-O exo R1
D-(+)-galactose 1042 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1055 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1065 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1069 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1102 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1107 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1138 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1152 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1154 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1248 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1298 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1310 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1333 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1357 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1379 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1422 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1453 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 1489 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 1494 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 2673 None IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 2853 None RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 2916 ν (CH) of C-3 IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 2918 ν (CH) of C-3 RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 2938 νs (CH2) of C-6 IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 2939 νs (CH2) of C-6 RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 2970 νas ν (CH) of C-4 IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 2974 νas ν (CH) of C-4 RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 3122 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 3140 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 3195 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 3207 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 3368 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 3383 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 404 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 417 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 494 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 500 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 531 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 534 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 615 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 652 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 662 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 705 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 707 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 763 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 766 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 793 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 830 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 836 ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 889 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 955 β (CCH) β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 959 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 972 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-galactose 973 β (CCH) β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-galactose 999 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1001 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1014 β (CCH) β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1022 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1048 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1055 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1074 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1109 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1121 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1146 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1150 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1203 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1204 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1224 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1273 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1296 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1333 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1338 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1346 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1371 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1373 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 1457 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 1460 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 2880 None RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 2891 νs (CH2) of C-1 RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 2912 ν (CH) of C-3 IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 2943 νs (CH2) of C-6 IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 2947 νs (CH2) of C-6 RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 2962 νas ν (CH) of C-4 RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 3243 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 3265 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 3296 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 3392 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 3395 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 407 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 423 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 440 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 537 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 542 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 555 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 560 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 615 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 650 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 725 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 774 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 775 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 837 ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 843 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 914 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-glucose 915 ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-glucose 993 β (CCH) β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1018 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1020 ν (CC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1031 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1053 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1071 ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1086 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1093 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1115 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1121 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1140 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1142 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1167 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1201 β (OH) β (OH) β (CH) β (OH) τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1259 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1263 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1340 β (COH) τ (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1346 β (COH) τ (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1379 β (COH) τ (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1382 τ (CH) ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1416 τ (CH) ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1423 τ (CH) ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1455 β (OH) δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 1470 β (OH) δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 259 β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2887 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2899 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2918 ν (CH) νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2932 ν (CH) νs (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2936 ν (CH) νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2947 νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 2978 νas (CH2) ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 3260 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 3320 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 334 β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 3521 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 357 β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 378 β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 385 τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 398 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 435 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 467 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 477 Ring def β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 551 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 556 Ring def β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 602 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 630 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 633 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 673 τ (HOH) ν (CO) Ring def β (CCO) Ring def IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 757 τ (HOH) ν (CO) Ring def β (CCO) Ring def IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 777 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 851 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 875 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 878 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 899 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 915 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 916 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 953 ν (CC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-lactose monohydrate 987 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1024 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1071 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1073 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1102 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1115 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1150 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1240 β (OH) β (OH) β (CH) β (OH) τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1256 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1271 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1272 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1348 β (COH) τ (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1431 τ (CH) ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 1432 τ (CH) ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 1455 β (OH) δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2844 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 2845 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2894 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 2899 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2912 ν (CH) νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2917 ν (CH) νs (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 2934 ν (CH) νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2947 νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2976 νas (CH2) ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 2979 νas (CH2) ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 3252 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 3330 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 3360 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 3398 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 348 τ (HOH) β (CCO) τ (COHO) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 430 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 462 Ring torsion IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 463 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 518 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 519 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 540 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 552 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 776 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 780 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 847 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-maltose 849 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 901 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-maltose 922 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1014 β (COH), ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1030 β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1043 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1051 (glc) ν (CO), ν (CC), β (COH) of C-l RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1075 ν (CO), ν (CC), β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1078 ν (CO), ν (CC), β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1106 ν (CO), ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1125(Glc) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 114 t(CO) in (fruc), ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1152 ν (CO) in glycosidic linkage, β (CO), ν (COH), IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1153 ν (CO)endc RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1265 β (CH) of C-1 IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1269 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1306 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1335 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1361 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1389 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1411 β (CH), β (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1431 β (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1433 β (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1466 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 1649 δ (OH2)crystal water IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 178 (gal) ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 232 (fruc) t(OH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 257 (gal) None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2888 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2891 None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2908 ν s (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2911 ν s (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2936 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2939 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2960 ν as (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 2978 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 3210 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 3235 None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 3285 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 349 (endc) None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 3492 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 378 (gal) None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 399 (fruc) β (CCO), β (CCC), β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 419 (fruc) β (CCO), β (CCC), β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 454 β (CCO), β (CCC), β (OCO) skeletal mode, β (CCC) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 537 (glcfr) 461 ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 538 (glcfr) ring def. RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 557 (glc) β (CCC), β (CCO), β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 618 (gal) β (CCC), β (CCO), β (OCO), γ (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 619 None IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 654 (glc) None RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 667 (gal) β (CCC), β (CCO), β (OCO), γ (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 706 (gal) β (CCC), β (CCO), β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 751 ρ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 771 ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 833 ν (CC) of α -glycosidic linkage IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 834 ν (CC) of α -glycosidic linkage RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 860 (fr) β (CH) of C-1, β (CH2), ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 873 (gal,fru) β (CCO), ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 876 (gal,fru) β (CCO), ring def. RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 935 ν (CO) inglycosidiclinkage IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 936 ν (CO) inglycosidiclinkage RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 965 ν s (CO) in glycosidic linkage, β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 967 ν s (CO) in glycosidic linkage, β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 996 ν as (CO) in glycosidic linkage IR R4
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate 997 ν (CO), β (COH), ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1015 ν (CC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1038 ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1050 ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1065 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1088 ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1115 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1127 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COC) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1161 ν (CO) β (COC) β (CC) β (OH) ν (CO) ν (CO) ν (CC) ν (COC) ν (CO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1208 β (OH) β (OH) β (CH) β (OH) τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1236 β (OH) β (OH) β (CH) β (OH) τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1239 β (OH) β (OH) β (CH) β (OH) τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1279 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1344 β (COH) τ (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1350 τ (CH2) β (CH) β (CH2) τ (CH) τ (OH) β (CH) β (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1368 β (COH) τ (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1428 τ (CH) ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1433 τ (CH) ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 1462 β (OH) δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2897 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2913 ν (CH) νs (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2914 ν (CH) νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2940 νs (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2943 νs (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2972 νas (CH2) ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 2995 νas (CH2) ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 3015 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 3319 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 3382 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 3559 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 367 β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 399 β (CCO) τ (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 403 β (CCO) τ (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 444 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 470 Ring def β (CCO) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 527 Ring torsion RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 535 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 552 Ring def β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 581 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 585 Ring def β (CCO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 641 β (COC) β (OCO) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 680 τ (HOH) ν (CO) Ring def β (CCO) Ring def IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 731 τ (HOH) ν (CO) Ring def β (CCO) Ring def IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 737 τ (HOH) ν (CO) Ring def β (CCO) Ring def RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 848 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 851 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 867 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 872 β (CCO) τ (CH2) ν (CC) ν (CC) β (CH) ν (CC) β (CH) Ring torsion τ (CO) τ (COHO) τ RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 908 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 922 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 942 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-sucrose 943 ν (CC) τ (CH2) β (CCO) ν (CC) ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-sucrose 987 ν (CC) ν (CO) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1016 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1017 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1034 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1081 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1086 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1107 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1113 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1115 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1125 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1147 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1150 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1235 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1244 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1303 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1316 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1339 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1341 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1371 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1373 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1394 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1397 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1446 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 1449 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1475 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 1476 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2888 νs (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 2890 νs (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2899 νs (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2917 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 2918 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2946 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 2951 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2958 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 2961 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 2979 νas (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 2982 νas (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 3213 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 3221 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 3320 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 3398 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 428 β (COC) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 431 β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 503 β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 505 β (COC) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 520 β (COC) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 527 β (COC) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 562 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 565 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 608 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 623 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 667 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 758 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 759 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 901 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 903 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) RS R4
D-(+)-xylose 929 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) IR R4
D-(+)-xylose 932 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1048 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1049 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1076 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1082 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1142 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1147 ν (CC) ν (CO) β (COH) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1176 ν (CO) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1179 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1251 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1265 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1333 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1341 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1397 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1398 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1428 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1452 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1455 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 1469 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 1472 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 2899 νs (CH2) of C-1 IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 2901 νs (CH2) of C-1 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 2924 ν (CH) of C-3 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 2936 νs (CH2) of C-6 IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 2939 νs (CH2) of C-6 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 2959 νas ν (CH) of C-4 IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 2963 νas ν (CH) of C-4 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 2991 νas ν (CH) of C-4 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 3015 νas (CH2) of C-1 RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 3396 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 3520 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 421 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 465 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 523 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 527 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 596 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 626 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 627 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 684 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 781 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 782 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 817 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 820 β (CCC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 874 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 923 ν (CC) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 926 ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-fructose 976 β (CCH) β (CCO) IR R4
D-(-)-fructose 980 β (CCH) β (CCO) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1003 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1014 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1017 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1027 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1030 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1059 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1074 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1084 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1115 ν (CO) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1119 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1159 ν (CO) ν (CC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1161 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1244 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1246 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1273 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1279 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1312 τ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1321 τ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1363 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1364 ω (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1387 ω (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1433 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 1452 δ (CH2) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 1475 δ (CH2) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 2874 None IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 2878 None RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 2917 νs (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 2919 νs (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 2943 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 2956 ν (CH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 2959 ν (CH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 2982 νas (CH2) of C-2 IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 2984 νas (CH2) of C-2 RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 3000 νas (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 3001 νas (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 3196 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 3198 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 3343 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 3366 ν (OH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 3407 ν (OH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 416 β (COC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 421 β (COC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 441 β (COC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 460 β (COC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 462 β (COC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 484 β (COC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 518 β (COC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 542 β (COC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 590 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 598 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 626 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 631 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 654 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 656 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 670 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 677 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 725 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 727 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 756 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 758 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 804 ν (CC) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 805 ν (CC) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 841 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 843 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 868 ν (CC) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 885 ν (CC) β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 891 ν (CC) β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 909 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 922 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 945 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
D-(-)-ribose 949 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) IR R4
D-(-)-ribose 986 ν (CO)ring ν (CC)ring β (CCH) RS R4
Fructose (H₂O) -2505 comb. R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1010 δC-O-H sh R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1028 None sh R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1053 νC-O s R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1080 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1102 νC-O endo gluc m R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1152 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1185 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1236 ωCH₂ R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1262 δCH₂ R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1294 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1342 δC-O-H fruc R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1374 δC-O-H gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1407 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1457 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 1648 ν₂ H₂O R3
Fructose (H₂O) 2122 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R3
Fructose (H₂O) 2884 νCH₂ s R3
Fructose (H₂O) 2940 νCH₂ as R3
Fructose (H₂O) 2981 νCH₃ as R3
Fructose (H₂O) 3236 ν₁ H₂O + νOH R3
Fructose (H₂O) 3369 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R3
Fructose (H₂O) 778 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O) 797 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 817 δC₃-C₂-H fruc m R3
Fructose (H₂O) 839 δC₂-C₁-H gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O) 866 νC-C m d
Fructose (H₂O) 895 νC-C fruc R3
Fructose (H₂O) 918 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) 936 νC-C gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O) 963 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O) 978 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O) ~1425 δC-O-H R3
Fructose (H₂O) ~3510 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) ~740 None R3
Fructose (H₂O) ~994 νC-O exo R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1014 δC-O-H sh R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1033 None sh R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1062 νC-O s R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1084 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1104 νC-O endo gluc m R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1158 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1187 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1218 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1243 ωCH₂ R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1264 δCH₂ R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1299 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1318 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1344 δC-O-H fruc R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1375 δC-O-H gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1410 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1429 δC-O-H R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1458 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 1645 ν₂ H₂O R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 2125 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 2887 νCH₂ s R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 2946 νCH₂ as R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 2986 νCH₃ as R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 3225 ν₁ H₂O + νOH R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 3385 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 3520 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 820 δC₃-C₂-H fruc m R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 838 δC₂-C₁-H gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 868 νC-C m d
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 919 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 936 νC-C gluc R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 966 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 980 None m R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ 993 νC-O exo R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ ~2855 comb. R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ ~5180 None R3
Fructose (H₂O)₅ ~891 νC-C fruc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1008 δC-O-H sh R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1027 None m R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1053 νC-O sh R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1076 None m R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1102 νC-O endo gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1151 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1199 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1226 ωCH₂ R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1260 δCH₂ R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1284 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1315 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1335 δC-O-H fruc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1362 δC-O-H gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1420 δC-O-H R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1462 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 1642 ν₂ H₂O R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 2130 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 2860 comb. R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 2885 νCH₂ s R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 2930 νCH₂ as R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 3225 ν₁ H₂O + νOH d R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 3380 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 3505 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 769 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 841 δC₂-C₁-H gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 863 νC-C R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 895 νC-C fruc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 919 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₂ 988 νC-O exo R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1013 δC-O-H R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1034 None s R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1058 νC-O R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1081 None s R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1106 νC-O endo gluc sh R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1132 νCO endo fruc sh R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1158 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1201 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1230 ωCH₂ R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1263 δCH₂ R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1288 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1316 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1368 δC-O-H gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1435 δC-O-H w R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 1640 ν₂ H₂O R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 2870 νCH₂ s R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 2925 νCH₂ as R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 3212 ν₁ H₂O + νOH R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 3385 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 3530 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 837 δC₂-C₁-H gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 863 νC-C R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 895 νC-C fruc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 936 νC-C gluc R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ 991.5 νC-O exo R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ ~2120 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ ~3612 None R3
Glucose (H₂O)₅ ~5187 None R3
L-(+)-arabinose 1048 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1051 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1089 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1096 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1129 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1136 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1229 τ (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1256 τ (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1260 τ (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1312 τ (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1314 τ (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1354 ω (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1356 ω (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1371 ω (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1375 ω (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1449 δ (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1473 δ (CH2) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 1476 δ (CH2) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2891 νs (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2894 νs (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2938 ν (CH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2939 ν (CH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2955 ν (CH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2959 ν (CH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2967 ν (CH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2970 ν (CH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 2997 νas (CH2) of C-5 IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 3001 νas (CH2) of C-5 RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 3324 ν (OH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 3337 ν (OH) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 3524 ν (OH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 399 β (COC) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 430 β (COC) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 431 β (COC) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 501 β (COC) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 511 β (COC) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 578 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 579 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 602 β (CCC) ring def. IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 612 β (CCC) ring def. RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 671 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 698 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 782 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 789 ν (CO)ring β (COC) β (CCO) β (OCO) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 841 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 843 νs (CO)ring ν (CC) RS R4
L-(+)-arabinose 991 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) IR R4
L-(+)-arabinose 993 νas (COC) ν (CC) ν (CO) β (CCH) RS R4
Solid Sucrose 1008 δC-O-H R1
Solid Sucrose 1052 νC-O R1
Solid Sucrose 1069 None R1
Solid Sucrose 1106 νC-O endo gluc R1
Solid Sucrose 1130 νCO endo fruc R1
Solid Sucrose 1162 None R1
Solid Sucrose 1239 ωCH₂ R1
Solid Sucrose 1280 None R1
Solid Sucrose 1323 None R1
Solid Sucrose 1346 δC-O-H fruc R1
Solid Sucrose 1370 δC-O-H gluc R1
Solid Sucrose 1410 None R1
Solid Sucrose 1431 δC-O-H R1
Solid Sucrose 1461 None R1
Solid Sucrose 849 None R1
Solid Sucrose 867 νC-C R1
Solid Sucrose 911 νC-C fruc R1
Solid Sucrose 941 νC-C gluc R1
Solid Sucrose 990 νC-O exo R1
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1045 νC-O vs R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1110 νC-O endo gluc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1132 νCO endo fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1210 None R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1270 δCH₂ R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1331 δC-O-H fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1370 δC-O-H gluc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1420 δC-O-H R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1452 None R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 1648 ν₂ H₂O R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 2680 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 2843 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 2880 νCH₂ s R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 2933 νCH₂ as R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 2970 νCH₃ as R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 830 δC₃-C₂-H fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 868 νC-C R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 928 νC-C fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ 993 νC-O exo vs R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ ~2125 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ ~2500 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ ~3240 ν₁ H₂O + νOH R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₂ ~3290 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1055 νC-O vs R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1113 νC-O endo gluc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1135 νCO endo fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1210 None R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1275 δCH₂ R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1333 δC-O-H fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1370 δC-O-H gluc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1425 δC-O-H R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1454 None R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 1645 ν₂ H₂O R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 2680 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 2850 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 2882 νCH₂ s R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 2938 νCH₂ as R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 2974 νCH₃ as R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 868 νC-C R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 929 νC-C fruc R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ 998 νC-O exo vs R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ ~2125 ν₂ H₂O + νLH₂O R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ ~2500 comb. R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ ~3240 ν₁ H₂O + νOH R2
Sucrose (H₂O)₅ ~3350 ν₃ H₂O + νOH R2
amylopectin 1051 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
amylopectin 1086 β (COH) β (CH) RS R4
amylopectin 1131 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) ν s (COC) in glycosidic link ring breathing RS R4
amylopectin 1267 β (CH) β (CCH) β (OCH) β (COH) RS R4
amylopectin 1338 β (COH) β (CH) IR R4
amylopectin 1339 β (COH) β (CH) RS R4
amylopectin 1378 β (CH2) RS R4
amylopectin 1462 δ (CH2) β (COH) RS R4
amylopectin 2901 None IR R4
amylopectin 2911 None RS R4
amylopectin 2926 ν (CH/CH2) IR R4
amylopectin 2933 ν (CH/CH2) RS R4
amylopectin 303 None RS R4
amylopectin 3279 ν (OH) IR R4
amylopectin 361 None RS R4
amylopectin 413 None RS R4
amylopectin 432 None IR R4
amylopectin 442 None RS R4
amylopectin 479 skeletal modes β (CCC) RS R4
amylopectin 521 β (CCC) β (COC) in glycosidic linkage skeletal modes RS R4
amylopectin 523 β (CCC) β (COC) in glycosidic linkage skeletal modes IR R4
amylopectin 571 None RS R4
amylopectin 572 None IR R4
amylopectin 603 None IR R4
amylopectin 614 None RS R4
amylopectin 708 γ (OH)Hbonded IR R4
amylopectin 714 γ (OH)Hbonded RS R4
amylopectin 762 ρ (CH2) IR R4
amylopectin 770 ρ (CH2) RS R4
amylopectin 791 ν (COC) RS R4
amylopectin 860 ν s (COC) ring breathing ν (COC) β (CC) ring breathing β (CH) of C-1 IR R4
amylopectin 866 ν s (COC) ring breathing ν (COC) β (CC) ring breathing β (CH) of C-1 RS R4
amylopectin 942 ν s (COC) of α -D-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages ring def. β (COH) β (CH) of C-1 ν (COC) in glycosidic linkage ring modes RS R4
amylose 1082 None RS R4
amylose 1127 None RS R4
amylose 1262 β (CH) β (CCH) β (OCH) β (COH) RS R4
amylose 2896 None IR R4
amylose 409 None RS R4
amylose 577 None RS R4
amylose 766 None RS R4
glycogen 1017 ν (COH)solvated IR R4
glycogen 1051 ν (CO) ν (CC) RS R4
glycogen 1076 β (COH) IR R4
glycogen 1078 β (COH) IR R4
glycogen 1084 β (COH) β (CH) RS R4
glycogen 1130 ν (CO) ν (CC) β (COH) ν s (COC) in glycosidic link ring breathing RS R4
glycogen 1149 ν (COC) ν (CC) in glycosidic linkage asymmetric ring breathing IR R4
glycogen 1262 None RS R4
glycogen 1337 β (COH) β (CH) RS R4
glycogen 1363 β (CH2) IR R4
glycogen 1387 β (CH2) RS R4
glycogen 1411 β (CH) IR R4
glycogen 1415 β (CH) IR R4
glycogen 1460 δ (CH2) β (COH) RS R4
glycogen 2908 None RS R4
glycogen 2931 ν (CH/CH2) IR R4
glycogen 2938 ν (CH/CH2) RS R4
glycogen 307 None RS R4
glycogen 326 None RS R4
glycogen 3313 ν (OH) IR R4
glycogen 363 None RS R4
glycogen 406 None RS R4
glycogen 430 None RS R4
glycogen 432 None IR R4
glycogen 446 None RS R4
glycogen 484 skeletal modes β (CCC) RS R4
glycogen 524 β (CCC) β (COC) in glycosidic linkage skeletal modes IR R4
glycogen 574 None IR R4
glycogen 579 None RS R4
glycogen 596 None RS R4
glycogen 605 None IR R4
glycogen 707 γ (OH)Hbonded IR R4
glycogen 759 ρ (CH2) IR R4
glycogen 850 ν s (COC) ring breathing ν (COC) β (CC) ring breathing β (CH) of C-1 IR R4
glycogen 856 ν s (COC) ring breathing ν (COC) β (CC) ring breathing β (CH) of C-1 RS R4
glycogen 928 s IR R4
glycogen 931 s IR R4
glycogen 941 ν s (COC) of α -D-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages ring def. β (COH) β (CH) of C-1 ν (COC) in glycosidic linkage ring modes RS R4
glycogen 991 ν (COH)solvated β (CH2) β (COH) ν (CO) in COC glycosidic linkage IR R4
glycogen 999 ν (COH)solvated β (CH2) β (COH) ν (CO) in COC glycosidic linkage IR R4

NOMENCLATURE:

IR: Experimental IR frequencies
Note: The water bands are identified by H2O; the other bands are those of sucrose.
Abbreviations: fru, D-fructosyl moiety; glu, D-glucosyl moiety; δ, deformation; ν, stretch; τ, torsion; ω, wag; endo, endocyclic; exo, exocyclic; s, strong; d, double; m, medium; sh, shoulder; w, weak. Annotations: The following symbols are used: S, strong; M, medium; W, weak; Sh, shoulder; Br, broad; V, very; d, doublet

References:

R1: Kodad H., Mokhlisse R., Davin E., Mille G. Etude IRTF Par Reflexion Totale Attenuee (ATR) De Sucres en Solution Aqueuse. Can. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 1994;39:107–112.

R2: Max, J.-J., & Chapados, C. (2001). Sucrose Hydrates in Aqueous Solution by IR Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105(47), 10681–10688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp012809j

R3: Max, J.-J., & Chapados, C. (2007). Glucose and Fructose Hydrates in Aqueous Solution by IR Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 111(14), 2679–2689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp066882r

R4: Wiercigroch, E., Szafraniec, E., Czamara, K., Pacia, M. Z., Majzner, K., Kochan, K., Kaczor, A., Baranska, M., & Malek, K. (2017). Raman and infrared spectroscopy of carbohydrates: A review. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 185, 317–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.045


Table 1: Comparisons between both experimental and BLYP calculated Infrared frequencies in cm-1 for both α- D-Glucose and β-D-Fructose as well as α- D-Glucose and β-D-Fructose monohydrates.

D-Glucose D-Fructose
IR α-D β-D-M Assignment IR α-D β-D-M Assignment
3410 3418 3146 ν OH 3393 3428 3513 ν OH
3393 3408 3123 ν OH 2933 2975 2957 νs CH of C2
2944 2963 3099 νs CH of C2 2899 2923 2925 νas CH of C1
2913 2939 3085 νas CH of C1 1637 1634 1665 δOH
1460 1441 1465 δCH2 + δOH + δCCH 1402 1392 1417 δOCH + δ COH + δ CCH
1382 1352 1390 δOCH + δ COH + δ CCH 1340 1330 1338 Δ CCH + δ OCH
1340 1330 1320 δ CCH + δ OCH 1265 1276 1292 δCH + δOH in plane, δ CCO
1244 1218 1278 δCH + δOH in plane 1203 1220 1232 δCH + δOH in plane
1149 1137 1205 ν CO + ν CC 1149 1148 1166 ν CO + νCC + δ CCO
1111 1116 1162 ν CO 1057 1082 1059 νCO
1050 1088 1082 ν CO + ν CC 977 990 990 νCO + δCCO
995 944 1032 ν CO + ν CC 873 856 908 δCH + νCC + δCCH
915 900 993 ν CO + ν CCH + νas ring of pyranose 818 816 884 δCCO + δCCH
837 834 909 δCH 780 784 828 δCCO + δ CCH
622 619 694 δ CCO + δ CCH CH2 648 624 658 CH2 + CH

NOMENCLATURE:

IR: Experimental frequencies
α-D: α -D-anomer
β-DM: β -D-anomer monohydrate

NOTE:

Reference: Ibrahim, M. A., Allam, M., El-Haes, H., Jalbout, A. F., & De Leon, A. (2006). Analysis of the structure and vibrational spectra of glucose and fructose. Ecletica Quimica, 31(3), 15–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v31.3.2006.p15-21

Table 2: FTIR Spectra of Lauric Acid, Dextran, and Dextran-g-Lauric Acid.

Peak (cm⁻¹) Functional Group Lauric Acid Unmodified Dextran Dextran (Mw 6k, 24h) Dextran (Mw 6k, 48h) Dextran (Mw 40k, 24h)
3365 –OH Stretching ✓ ✓
2931 –CH Stretching ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
2851 –CH Stretching ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
1721 C=O Stretching ✓
1700 C=O Stretching ✓
1648 C=O Stretching ✓ ✓

NOMENCLATURE:

✓: Peaks are present and identified
–: Absent
Mw: Molecular weight

NOTE:

Reference: Su, C.-M., Lin, C., Huang, C.-Y., Yeh, J.-C., Tsai, T.-Y., Ger, T. R., Wang, M.-C., & Lou, S.-L. (2017). Dextran-g-lauric acid as IKK complex inhibitor carrier. RSC Advances, 7(89), 56247–56255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04544a

Table 3: Relocation of Key Maize Starch FTIR Bands After Treatment with Aqueous Na Silicate Solutions.

Native Starch (cm⁻¹) Starch at Water/Na Silicate Ratio 80 mL/g (cm⁻¹) 70 mL/g (cm⁻¹) 60 mL/g (cm⁻¹) 50 mL/g (cm⁻¹)
524 520 520 514 –
578 578 578 570 558
738 700 700 700 –
784 765 765 750 –
880 880 874 854 –
944 941 929 900 900
1000 996, 1017 (Split) 996, 1017 (Split) 996, 1017 (Split) 1000
1090 1090 1078 1078 1052
1180 1175 1150 1150 1121
1380 1380 1376 1347 –
1450 1450 1429 1381 –
1478 1476 1460 1423 1448
1649 1644 1642 1626 1626
2948 2935 2918 2918 2824 and 2918
3430 3400 3432 3432 3430

NOMENCLATURE:

NOTE:

Reference: Rashid, I., Omari, M. H. A., Leharne, S. A., Chowdhry, B. Z., & Badwan, A. (2012). Starch gelatinization using sodium silicate: FTIR, DSC, XRPD, and NMR studies. Starch - Stärke, 64(9), 713–728. Portico. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201100190

Table 4: FTIR Spectra of Pullulan: Characteristic Absorption Bands and Functional Group Assignments

Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) Vibration Mode Functional Group/Assignment
3400–3200 O–H stretching Hydroxyl groups (OH)
2920–2850 C–H stretching Aliphatic C–H bonds
1640–1630 O–H bending (adsorbed water) Water absorbed in the sample
1450–1400 C–H bending CH₂ and CH₃ groups
1370–1350 C–H bending CH₃ groups
1150–1100 C–O–C stretching Glycosidic linkage (C–O–C)
1070–1030 C–O stretching C–O bonds in the sugar ring
1040, 1020, 996 Glycosidic linkage vibrations Specific to pullulan structure
930–910 C–O–C stretching Glycosidic linkage (C–O–C)
850–840 C–H bending Anomeric C–H deformation

NOMENCLATURE:

NOTE:

Reference:
1. Shingel, K. I. (2002). Determination of structural peculiarities of dexran, pullulan and γ-irradiated pullulan by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Research, 337(16), 1445–1451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00209-4
2. Firsov, S. P., Zhbankov, R. G., Petrov, P. T., Shingel, K. I., & Tsarenkov, V. M. (1999). Analysis of dextran and pullulan molecular fraction structure by the method of IR-spectroscopy. Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules: New Directions, 323–324. DOI: hhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4479-7_144

Table 5: Characteristic IR Bands of Cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), carboxymethylcellulose acetate(CMCA), and carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB)

Material Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) Assignment Relative Absorbance
Cellulose 3482.81 Strong hydrogen-bonded O-H stretching vibration 3.59
2897.52 C-H stretching 1.74
1645.95 O-H bending from absorbed water
1428.99 CH₂ bending of pyranose ring 2.12
1370.18 C-H bending 2.56
1034.62 C-O-C pyranose ring vibration 2.42
898.66 β-glycosidic linkage between glucose units in cellulose 1.08
CMC 3445.21 O-H stretching 1.31
2901.38 Stretching vibration of methine (C-H) 3.37
1599.66 C=O group
1414.53 Anti-symmetric and symmetric stretching vibration peak of COO 0.99
1369.21 C-H bending 0.99
1060.66 C-O-C stretching 1.21
CMCA 3447.13 Unsubstituted O-H group 0.68
2911.02 COOH of acetyl group and methyl –CH₃ of CMCA 1.36
1743.33, 1639.2 Asymmetric and symmetric C=O coupled stretching 1.98, 1
1379.82, 1434.38 Symmetric and asymmetric vibrations of CH₃ 1.79, 1.65
1434.38 CH₂ band 1.65
1245.79, 1037.52, 904.45 Asymmetric stretching vibrations of C-O-C in ester 2.03, 2.52, 1.02
CMCAB 3531.99 Unsubstituted O-H group 1.1
2966.95 COOH dimer group and methyl –CH₃ of CMCAB 0.43
2884.99 Methylene –CH₂ of CMCAB 0.03
1748.16, 1640.16 Asymmetric and symmetric C=O coupled stretching 2.23, 1
1375 C-CH₃ of acetyl 1.22
1240.97, 1168.65, 1064.51 Asymmetric vibrations of C-O-C to prove the existence of an ester 1.66, 1.96, 2.36

NOMENCLATURE: CMC: Sodium carboxymethylcellulose
CMCA: Carboxymethylcellulose acetate
CMCAB: Carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate

NOTE:

Reference:
El-Sakhawy, M.A., Kamel, S., Salama, A., & Tohamy, H.S. (2018). PREPARATION AND INFRARED STUDY OF CELLULOSE BASED AMPHIPHILIC MATERIALS. DOI: http://www.cellulosechemtechnol.ro/pdf/CCT3-4(2018)/p.193-200.pdf