Curated physical, thermodynamic and glyco-analytical properties of sugars, sugar alcohols, oligo- and polysaccharides and glycans — for food, pharma and glycobiology. Every value is traced to a primary source with a verbatim quote.
⚗︎ Harvested & verified via the GlycoDataDigest (GDD) pipelineMedian [min–max] (n) in each property's natural unit. Click a property above to filter the table; click any column header to sort.
| Carbohydrate class | Melt/Dec (°C) | Density (g/cm³) | Cp (J/(mol·K)) | ΔHfus (kJ/mol) | Sweet (rel) | pKa (pKa) | CCS (Ų) | Kd (µM) | [η] (mL/g) | MH a (a) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| monosaccharide | 146.5 [83.0–169.0] n=17 | 1.5 [1.5–1.6] n=5 | 220.4 [220.3–227.7] n=4 | 30.3 [19.9–43.8] n=3 | 0.7 [0.5–1.5] n=10 | 12.2 [12.2–12.3] n=2 | 79.2 [76.3–139.8] n=4 | 1194.0 [0.1–22000.0] n=6 | — | — |
| disaccharide | 188.9 [102.5–239.0] n=13 | 1.6 [1.5–1.6] n=4 | 436.1 [425.0–534.8] n=6 | 39.1 [32.0–46.2] n=2 | 0.5 [0.2–1.0] n=10 | — | 112.6 [104.5–205.9] n=27 | 504.6 [0.0–30000.0] n=12 | — | — |
| oligosaccharide | 116.5 [79.0–170.0] n=4 | — | — | — | — | — | 200.7 [132.6–240.8] n=19 | 2.0 [0.0–3300.0] n=7 | — | — |
| polysaccharide | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 538.8 [23.6–20400.0] n=21 | 0.8 [0.4–1.2] n=14 |
| sugar alcohol / polyol | 146.0 [111.0–167.0] n=7 | 1.5 [1.3–1.5] n=4 | 238.5 [161.9–241.4] n=5 | 47.9 [30.2–65.1] n=7 | 1.0 [0.6–1.0] n=3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| amino sugar | 176.0 [88.0–210.0] n=4 | — | 276.9 n=1 | — | — | 8.0 [7.6–11.2] n=3 | — | — | — | — |
| uronic acid | 160.0 n=1 | 1.2 n=1 | — | — | — | 3.3 [2.8–3.6] n=13 | — | — | — | — |
| sugar acid | — | — | — | — | — | 3.9 [3.0–11.6] n=7 | — | — | — | — |
| sugar phosphate | — | — | — | — | — | 5.9 [0.9–6.1] n=3 | — | — | — | — |
| sialic acid | 185.0 n=1 | — | — | — | — | 2.6 n=1 | 236.0 [225.2–245.1] n=4 | 2100.0 [100.0–3200.0] n=3 | — | — |
| glycoside | 211.8 [199.0–224.5] n=2 | — | — | — | — | 3.2 [3.0–3.5] n=6 | — | 16.1 [0.4–122.0] n=4 | — | — |
| cyclodextrin | 474.0 [277.8–507.0] n=5 | — | — | 221.0 n=1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| carbohydrate (other) | 224.5 n=1 | 1.6 n=2 | — | — | — | — | 128.9 [124.1–131.7] n=4 | — | — | — |
| glycan (N-linked) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26.0 [3.0–50.0] n=3 | — | — |
| glycan (O-linked) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0 n=1 | — | — |
| glycan | — | — | — | — | — | — | 435.5 [269.0–455.0] n=12 | — | — | — |
| # | Molecule / species | Carbohydrate class | Property | Value | Method | Conditions | Ref (DOI) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2,3-sialyllactose (Neu5Ac-alpha2,3-Gal-Glc) | sialic acid | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 3200µM (reported 3.2 mM) | Experiment |
Kd vs influenza X-31 hemagglutinin (human H3), 500-MHz proton NMR; 2,3-linked sialyllactoseKd vs influenza X-31 hemagglutinin (human H3), 500-MHz proton NMR; 2,3-linked sialyllactose | partner: influenza hemagglutinin (X-31, H3) | technique: NMR
|
10.1073/pnas.1120265109 high |
View"the dissociation constant of X-31 HA to sialyllactose was reported to be 2.1 mM (2,6 linked) and 3.2 mM (2,3 linked)" — Original NMR data from Sauter et al. 1992. Weak monovalent affinity. [Sieben C, Kappel C, Zhu R, et al., 2012, confidence: high] |
| 2 | 2,6-sialyllactose (Neu5Ac-alpha2,6-Gal-Glc) | sialic acid | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 2100µM (reported 2.1 mM) | Experiment |
Kd vs influenza X-31 hemagglutinin (human H3), 500-MHz proton NMR; 2,6-linked sialyllactoseKd vs influenza X-31 hemagglutinin (human H3), 500-MHz proton NMR; 2,6-linked sialyllactose | partner: influenza hemagglutinin (X-31, H3) | technique: NMR
|
10.1073/pnas.1120265109 high |
View"the dissociation constant of X-31 HA to sialyllactose was reported to be 2.1 mM (2,6 linked) and 3.2 mM (2,3 linked)" — Original NMR data from Sauter et al. 1992, Biochemistry 31:9609-9621 (DOI 10.1021/bi00447a018); cited here. Weak monovalent affinity; avidity from HA trimer multivalency. [Sieben C, Kappel C, Zhu R, et al., 2012, confidence: high] |
| 3 | 3'-benzamido-N-acetyllactosamine | glycoside | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 18.2µM (reported 18.2 uM) | Experiment |
Kd vs galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (Gal3C), referenced value, room temperatureKd vs galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (Gal3C), referenced value, room temperature | partner: galectin-3 (Gal3C CRD) | technique: ITC
|
10.1021/bi201459p high |
View"affinity of lactose is lower (Kd = 231 microM) than that of 3'-benzamido-N-acetyllactosamine (Kd = 18.2 microM)" — Synthetic high-affinity galectin-3 ligand. [Saraboji K, Hakansson M, Genheden S, et al., 2011, confidence: high] |
| 4 | F3 (heparin-derived oligosaccharide) | oligosaccharide | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 3300µM (reported 3.3 mM) | Experiment |
Kd vs human galectin-3, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS); 3.3 +/- 0.1 mM (TFS) / 2.5 +/- 0.1 mM by ITC, 25 C, PBSKd vs human galectin-3, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS); 3.3 +/- 0.1 mM (TFS) / 2.5 +/- 0.1 mM by ITC, 25 C, PBS | partner: galectin-3 | technique: intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence | temperature C: 25
|
10.1038/s41598-019-47658-8 high |
View"dissociation constant of F3 binding to galectin-3 was determined to be KD, 3.3 +/- 0.1 mM" — Heparin-derived fragment binding to galectin-3; cross-validated with ITC (2.5 mM). [Sindrewicz P, Li X, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, Lian LY, Yu LG, 2019, confidence: high] |
| 5 | GM1 oligosaccharide (ganglioside GM1) | oligosaccharide | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 0.043µM (reported 43 nM) | Experiment |
Kd vs cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)Kd vs cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) | partner: cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) | technique: ITC
|
10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01736 medium |
View"The high-affinity binding interaction of GM1-CTB has a Kd of 43 nM, as demonstrated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)" — Classic high-affinity glycan-protein interaction; 43 nM is the widely cited monovalent GM1 oligosaccharide-CTB Kd. Value obtained via search of this article; DOI is the article's. [Heggelund JE, et al. (value as cited), 2019, confidence: medium] |
| 6 | H-disaccharide (alpha-L-Fuc-(1,2)-D-Gal) | disaccharide | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 30000µM (reported 30 mM) | Experiment |
Kd vs norovirus GII.4 Saga P-dimer, chemical-shift-perturbation (CSP) NMRKd vs norovirus GII.4 Saga P-dimer, chemical-shift-perturbation (CSP) NMR | partner: norovirus GII.4 Saga P-dimer (VP1 protruding domain) | technique: NMR (CSP)
|
10.1042/BST20210526 high |
View"H-disaccharide is a very weak binder with a dissociation constant of 30 mM" — HBGA H-type epitope; GII.4 Saga strain. [Peters T, Creutznacher R, Maass T, et al., 2021, confidence: high] |
| 7 | H-disaccharide (alpha-L-Fuc-(1,2)-D-Gal) | disaccharide | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 420µM (reported 420 uM) | Experiment |
Kd vs norovirus GII.10 Vietnam P-dimer, STD NMR titrationKd vs norovirus GII.10 Vietnam P-dimer, STD NMR titration | partner: norovirus GII.10 Vietnam P-dimer (VP1 protruding domain) | technique: STD NMR
|
10.1042/BST20210526 high |
View"dissociation constants KD were given as follows ... 420 microM (H-disaccharide)" — Same H-disaccharide binds GII.10 Vietnam P-dimer ~70x more tightly than GII.4 Saga - strain-dependent affinity. [Peters T, Creutznacher R, Maass T, et al., 2021, confidence: high] |
| 8 | H-disaccharide (alpha-L-Fuc-(1,2)-D-Gal) | disaccharide | protein binding affinity (Kd) | 2100µM (reported 2.1 mM) | Experiment |
Kd vs norovirus GII.4 VA387 P-dimer, native mass spectrometry; 2.1 and 1.5 mM for two P-dimer constructsKd vs norovirus GII.4 VA387 P-dimer, native mass spectrometry; 2.1 and 1.5 mM for two P-dimer constructs | partner: norovirus GII.4 VA387 P-dimer (VP1 protruding domain) | technique: native mass spectrometry
|
10.1042/BST20210526 high |
View"dissociation constants KD of 2.1 and 1.5 mM were determined for two slightly different P-dimer constructs" — Native MS value; illustrates method/strain dependence of reported HBGA affinities. [Peters T, Creutznacher R, Maass T, et al., 2021, confidence: high] |
Full names, units and plain-language definitions for the 10 properties on this page. (These notes also appear when you hover a property pill or a table column header.)